Blogging through Sociology of Development (2020)

Summary There has been a long discussion of human rights but not enough. The Holocaust highlighted the importance of human rights that had been neglected through World War II, and discussions on human rights began in a radical and full-fledged manner after the end of the war. Human rights in Western society generally looked at human rights from a universalist perspective. Asian society looked at human rights from the opposite relativist point of view. They argued that discussions and consideration of human rights were centered on the West. The reason was that Western countries colonized most of the Asian countries in the days of imperialism and held them responsible for the resulting human rights violations. They criticized the sudden human rights debate. They also argued that the standards of human rights should reflect their own specific circumstances, arguing that universal human rights ignore cultural relativism. On the other hand, universal human rights advocates criticized the...

Summary Human rights are the basic right to live as a person. This is an absolute domain. Applicable regardless of ethnicity, gender, age, or location and guaranteed by international law. Human rights have been modified and established over a long period of time. From ancient times to the post-World War II international human rights treaties, various changes and considerations continued. Since the 1966 Human Rights Treaty, the concept of human rights has been established and human rights are guaranteed at the international level through the UN, an international organization. Also, various efforts are made to ensure human rights in the community. Human rights organizations are established in continental units such as Africa, America, Asia, and Europe, to strive for the self-reliance of the vulnerable classes and countries. Human beings have studied human rights for a long time. Thus, the theory of human rights exists, and there are various views on human rights. Interesting point ...

Summary The development of medical systems and technology has increased people's life expectancy. Also, the birth rate has declined as society advances. This resulted in the aging of the population worldwide. The aging of the population causes various problems. Mainly policy problems arise. There are issues such as retirement pensions, income security for senior citizens, health and quality of life. Also, the sandwich generation feels a lot of pressure as the aging population increases its dependent population. It should present new solutions to the aging problem. Traditional thinking about the aging population in the past cannot solve the problem. Currently, the aging population is treated as a worthless workforce, but it can be an important workforce. If they can make use of their long-standing experience, they will be able to generate high profits. Interesting point Korea still has a traditional idea of aging, even though it entered an aging society a long time ago. Ne...

Summary Demographics is the study of analyzing population changes over time and is used as a tool to analyze social phenomena at a macro level. Demographics can explain the occurrence of phenomena across society, education, religion and ethnicity. Because demographics are interested in changes in the population, it focuses mainly on fertility and mortality. In the case of fertility rates, the higher the educational attainment of women, the lower the birthrate tends to be. But education itself is not the cause of the decline in the birthrate. There is a link to other factors in the declining birthrate. The death rate is the same as the birth rates. Statistics on fertility and mortality can predict problems with overpopulation and suggest solutions. It can also predict problems with population shortages and provide solutions. Demographics is not just about making statistics about the population. To calculate and analyze statistical data to find the causes of various social phenomena, p...

Q. How to reduce the digital divide? A.  In order to resolve the digital divide, there must be full support from the government. Efforts should be made to narrow the information gap through policies, and education and location should be set up with the help of companies. I think such efforts can develop to a high level of national history in the long run, although they are inefficient in the short term.

Q. How can we explain such a high ranking for Korea(largest penetration in Asia) A.  I think the reason why Korea ranked high is because of geographical factors in Korea. It is safe to say that Korea is a country without natural resources. In order for Korea to join the ranks of advanced countries, human resources must be excellent. Excellent manpower should be able to gain the upper hand when competing with the world. As Korea developed late, it could not gain an edge with existing industries. It had to access new industries. Therefore, I think we have access to the new industry, it technology, and as a result, we have achieved a high Internet penetration rate. In addition, the fact that it costs less to install than countries with large areas such as the U.S. and Russia due to its small area also contributed to one advantage.

Q. Should science be free for everyone? A.  Science should be free for everyone. It should be accessible equally, not limited to race, age and economic gaps. As technology advances, I think the difference in science makes the difference in location. This phenomenon will intensify as the Fourth Industrial Revolution progresses. This can develop into a serious social problem over time. I think we should be free to all to prevent this.

Summary Although the advent of digital technology has made rapid progress, it has also brought about problems. Digital gap is a case in point. Digital gaps mean unequal distribution among different groups in terms of access, use and impact to information and communications technology. There are gaps in the economy, race, disability, gender, LGBTQIA and age. As part of efforts to narrow the gap, the digital gap was narrowed through education and service support, but as technology progressed, the secondary digital gap emerged. The secondary gap created by differences in knowledge makes clear the distinction between digital consumers and producers, thus polarizing the gap. Interesting point It was surprising. I thought the digital divide gradually narrowed as the economy grew and technology developed. The second digital divide has come as digital technology advances more than in the past. It predicted that the gap between digital consumers and producers has narrowed as YouTube an...

Summary New areas of research in social science include mobile phones, social networks, and video games. Many changes have taken place with their appearance. The introduction of mobile phones changed social customs. With the availability of cell phones in many situations, informal social norms have been created to control cell phone use, and the dependence of people on mobile phones due to their high utilization has changed social life. Social networks can maintain contact with friends and family who live far away, so they can maintain relationships, but they also have adverse effects that can cause problems in life to maintain relationships. It also causes gender inequality problems. Studies show that women who post profile photos tend to be less physically and socially attractive and less capable of completing tasks than women who do not post them. Video games have the advantage of improving visual focus, but they have a negative impact on health and behavioral problems. Int...

Q. Society is not determined by technology, nor is technology determined by society. Both emerge as two sides of the sociotechnical coin. What is meant by that? A. It means that society and technology influence each other. In the overall context, society sometimes determines technology, and sometimes technology decides society. An example is the appearance of a computer. Computers were made for the purpose of war. Technology has emerged to meet the needs of a society where war is valued. This can be said to have influenced technology in society. On the contrary, society changed as computers appeared. A group of people who do calculations disappeared and various jobs such as computer engineers, hackers, and programmers were created. This shows that society and technology have a close connection, not someone's decision, but in a state of intertwining.

Q. Do you think that countries position are determined by the level of military technology they possessed? (Particularly before the 21st century?) A. Many historical facts prove the answer to this question. The strength of the country's military power (military technology) led the world from the time of pioneering the new territory to World War II. It conquered the colony through its powerful military power (military technology), and the difference in military power (military technology) had a profound impact on the hegemonic fight of powerful countries. The reason why Japan was recognized by Western powers is because of its military power. In other words, I think countries' positions are determined by the level of military technology. After World War II, military technology is not more important than in the past as many changes take place. However, it remains to be seen that military technology is important. Is the reason why the United States has enormous power in the wor...

Q. Will future technology be more sustainable? A. Future technologies must be more sustainable. Coal, oil, and natural gas we use cause many environmental problems. In short, the Korona 19 crash caused a 25 percent drop in carbon dioxide emissions. It is expected to have a positive impact on the environment afterwards. Also, these resources are not infinite. It is a resource that will be consumed someday, and I expect it to be exhausted soon. That is why we must find alternative resources. It should replace energy and promote environmental development through sustainable future technologies such as eco-friendly energy.

As technology advances, a variety of businesses are emerging that are essential to everyday life. Of these, what is the oldest and most essential business? It is agriculture. Agriculture is a business necessary to maintain human survival, and a society where agriculture does not exist is difficult to maintain. Emergency disasters such as the Korona 19 have made us realize that agriculture is the most important thing for humans, not the high-tech industry. In the meantime, agriculture has been neglected by other industries, even though it is the most essential industry. We need to pay attention to agriculture once again. This clip talks about future agriculture. Accurately speaking, we talk about the city of full environmental planning, the arcologe. Arcology is a combination of architecture and environment, meaning an environmentally sustainable community that can be self-sufficient. In other words, food (agriculture) is a self-sufficient community, a futuristic city of current ...

Summary This article makes people aware of sustainability as a materialized concept. For a long time, we have encountered the concept of sustainability, but it has not been a well-established concept. Just as people look different, they have different ideas about sustainability. We need to clarify the concept of sustainability that has been perceived differently by people. The word sustainability, which existed in unconsciousness, can be made clear by going through four stages. 1. Break sustainability down by sector 2. Speak in specifics 3. Clearly identify who benefits 4. Paint a picture Through this process, we make sustainability clear and effective. In order to achieve realistic sustainability, specific plans must be made in conjunction with organizations, institutions and scholars. We should continue to strive for feasible sustainability when the future approaches. Interesting point Reading this article, I came to consider the concept of sustainability. I h...

Summary Recycling of land is the reuse of land that has been abandoned, empty or unused for redevelopment, land use change. Land recycling guarantees the reuse of land for the purpose of improving the environment. The purpose is to clean contaminated land, industrial development (residential, industrial, mixed use) and to create space protection zones (local parks, urban parks). In the case of ordinary land recycling, it is mainly implemented in poor communities, where it is difficult to use abandoned and underutilized land. In other words, land recycling has the nature of facilitating and stimulating reinvestment in historically marginalized areas.   There are three main forms of land recycling. The most common form of land redevelopment is the redevelopment of abandoned or unused buildings. By reusing existing buildings, they are highly efficient with minimal environmental damage. Redevelopment of Brown Field, Brown Field means contaminated area. Redevelopment of Brown...

Summary Sustainable development is the right development. It does not only think about humans, but also the environment, and seeks ways for humans and the environment to coexist. Its focus is on economy, social development and environmental protection with the aim of balancing human-ecosystems. Sustainable development is passed down to future generations through education. We strive to realize a sustainable and equitable society by changing the existing environmental paradigm. This applies to a variety of fields. Examples include environment (ecology), agriculture, environmental economics, manufacturing, technology, transportation, business, architecture, politics and culture. Efforts continue to be made to apply to various fields, not limited to specific areas. This is a correction of the wrong direction setting that was previously carried out. Interesting point x Sustainable development is a concept that has been discussed for a long time. In the meantime, our developm...

Summary The modern anthropological and sociological approach has changed as criticism of the classical social evolution theory has been accepted. Changed into a non-sourcing, ethnocentric conjecture, approach to avoid comparison or value judgement. This is a view of respect for diversity. Since then, the theory of evolutionary mechanism behind social behavior such as modernization, altruism, invasion and upbringing, and modernization that combines the theory of evolutionary mechanism with actual experience, empirical research, and especially the theory of the age of decolonization, emerged, trying to explain objectively and simply based on empirical evidence in archaeology and history, and to remove references to the value system morally and culturally. They are divided into political, technical and anthropological perspectives. Interesting point After the theory of social evolution, scholars accepted criticism and created a new theory. I tried to look at society from vario...

Summary Sociocultural evolution is a social theory that explains the development of society and culture through the concept of evolution. Society has different behaviors and different structures over time. In other words, society and culture get complicated and developed over time. As the word "evolution" suggests, it is a theory that applied Darwin's "evolutionary theory" to society. Just as life evolves and moves to a better stage, society has argued that a civilized society is a better society. Sociocultural evolution has three personalities. 1. To judge the value of other societies by the standards of Western civilization with a deeply ethnic-centered character. 2. Assuming that all cultures follow the same path, progress. 3. We equated material culture with civilization. This has drawn much criticism from academia. It was heavily criticized for racism, slavery and justifying imperialism. Jurgen Harbourmas argued that social and cultural evolution was th...

Summary The Free Culture Movement is a movement against overly limited copyrights. Many participants in the movement argue that overly restrictive copyright laws hinder creativity. The movement began with opposition to the copyright law called Mickey Mouse Protection Act. The Free Culture Movement took place in 2001, starting with the Creative Commons (CC), an alternative "hold all rights" licensing system for the "hold all rights" copyright system. They encourage creative work sharing and the spread of ideas for cultural activities, scientific progress and business innovation. Opinion Copyright law may be the most difficult law to define standards. Ensuring a creator's income activities hinders creativity, and guaranteeing creativity puts the creator's livelihood at risk. Currently, various media platforms emerge and creative attempts are overflowing. I think this situation is a period of cultural change. Copyright laws in a period of cultural chang...

Summary The Millennium Development Goals were established under the International Development Goals. Millennium Development Goals, or MDGs, sought 191 U.N. member states and more than 22 international organizations to achieve their goals by 2015. MDGs have promoted the development of the international community. Poverty, hunger eradication, universal education level, gender equality, disease, environment and development of developing countries were targeted. However, it has been criticized for lack of legitimacy, neglect of female inequality in employment, and uneven achievement rate, but it has contributed a lot to many equal development. Interesting point I knew that international politics was carried out in a complex and selfish atmosphere. However, upon encountering the MDGs, I learned that the international community is making great efforts to ensure human rights. Among the MDG criticisms, criticism of women's inequality was interesting. The phenomenon of female ineq...