W5 / Sociocultural evolution(2) / Lee Hayoung

1. Summary
 In the early 20th century, sociologists rejected abstract theories about social and cultural development and started systematic and critical investigations. They used elaborate ethnology and rigorous empirical methods to systematically claim that Spencer, Tyler and Morgan's theories misinterpreted presumptive and racial data. In particular, the theory of "stage" was criticized as an illusion in social evolution. They thought that ethnicism was the end of the typical modern European civilization. They also pointed out that when its theory often crosses social boundaries and spreads with many other societies, societies are clearly bounded and distinct.

 2. What was interesting
Many of the people who explored the development process of society were Westerners, so they aligned with their development process and divided the stages. The scholars who criticized the modern theory of development thought it was a big deal of trouble to discover this pattern. If society was really organic, it would have been difficult to separate the stages like these words, and most importantly, it would have been difficult for Europeans to separate the development of society from the general public.

3. Discussion Point
History is always analyzed and written by superior people. Therefore, the theory of development may have been appropriate before modern times, but since modern times there have been many criticisms of it. What efforts must we make to study social development more objectively?

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